Plus: What the Declaration of Independence says about God ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌
The Conversation

Welcome to the Saturday edition of The Conversation U.S.’s Daily newsletter.

As editors, it’s our job to be sticklers about grammar. Sure, it’s important for us to spot dangling modifiers and ensure subject-verb agreements. But many rules for speech and writing that appear hard and fast, such as never ending a sentence with a preposition, are malleable.

As linguist Valerie M. Fridland explains in her new book, “Why We Talk Funny: The Real Story Behind Our Accents,” many of the rules we know today emerged only a couple of centuries ago, with the rise of a new figure – or menace, depending on your view: the grammarian.

With literacy rates soaring in the 18th century, grammarians sought to firm up certain rules for written and spoken English, and usage guides and dictionaries proliferated. But there was always going to be a strain of futility to their work, thanks to a tension inherent to language: It’s always evolving. For all the consternation over speakers dropping the “g” at the end of “working,” there was a time when the “k” in “know” was pronounced, before it fell out of favor in the 15th century.

“If people learned to look at language more like linguists,” Fridland writes, “they might come around to seeing that there is more than one perspective on what good speech consists of.”

And, yes, that’s a sentence that ends with a preposition.

This week we also liked stories about how boys and girls are equally social at birth, the potential of air filters to improve cognitive health, and, now a day before the 40th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster, a story on how radiation travels through the environment.

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Nick Lehr

Senior Arts + Culture Editor

Fear not: There isn’t anything that needs saving. LisaStrachan/iStock via Getty Images

Despite all the likes, literallys and dropped g’s, English isn’t decaying before our eyes

Valerie M. Fridland, University of Nevada, Reno

Throughout the history of the language, what has been considered ‘bad’ speech often becomes ‘proper.’ You just have to give it time.

A Croome & Brightly engraving shows John Nixon reading the Declaration of Independence after its passage in Philadelphia. From The New York Public Library via Wikimedia Commons

What the Declaration of Independence does – and doesn’t – say about God

Thomas Tweed, University of Notre Dame

Debates about religion’s role in America often circle back to the country’s founding documents.

Are you sure you could tell if an AI chatbot were trying to sell you something? AP Photo/Michael Dwyer

You probably wouldn’t notice if an AI chatbot slipped ads into its responses

Brian Jay Tang, University of Michigan; Kang G. Shin, University of Michigan

People who interacted with different AI chatbots in a study didn’t realize the bots were including veiled advertising in their replies

Research at Chernobyl and Fukushima shows how radioactive materials move in the environment

Eduardo B. Farfán, Kennesaw State University

Radiation risk can be measured, understood and controlled in ways that keep people safe, including from contaminated foods.

It’s a myth that baby boys are less social than girls – a new look at decades of research shows all babies are born to connect

Lise Eliot, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science

Pulling together the results of 40 experiments done by different teams over decades, researchers found that infant boys and girls equally tune in to human faces and voices.

HEPA air purifiers may boost brain power in adults over 40 – new research

Nicholas Pellegrino, University of Connecticut; Doug Brugge, University of Connecticut; Misha Eliasziw, Tufts University

The gain isn’t huge, but it’s a notable improvement – similar to what people experience when they start exercising more.

What is black garlic? How heat and humidity turn a pungent ingredient mild and slightly sweet

Mavra Javed, Michigan State University

A food chemist explains how black garlic is made, and how its health benefits are promising but still under-researched.

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