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Ava Kofman
A staff writer who first reported on this story in February
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Earlier this year, I investigated the bizarre case of Guojun Xuan and Silvia Zhang, a couple from the wealthy city of Arcadia, in Los Angeles County. They had amassed more than two dozen children by hiring many surrogates who, at first, knew nothing of one another. The secrecy and suspicious circumstances surrounding Xuan’s family prompted an F.B.I. investigation into whether he and his partner were trafficking the children. (The parents have denied that their children were for sale.)
Illustration by Anna Parini
Authorities began their investigation this past May, after police heard that one of the infants had been hospitalized with severe injuries. The baby’s siblings, most of whom were under the age of three, were found with marks, bruises, missing fingernails. The parents were briefly jailed on suspicion of child endangerment—they have not yet been charged with a crime and have refuted abuse allegations—and their kids were taken into foster care, where they remain to this day.
The juvenile-dependency court has just decided that the family, seemingly Arcadia’s largest, should not be reunified—news that I break in my follow-up piece, out this week. This ruling has far-reaching repercussions. Since the couple’s arrest, they have had at least six more children, also through surrogates. Those siblings are trapped in various stages of custodial and parentage proceedings in Georgia, Virginia, and Pennsylvania.
As advances in reproductive technology have enabled men to competitively procreate at new scales, there have been a spate of reports of über-wealthy parents having dozens of, even a hundred, children, through some combination of in-vitro fertilization, sperm donation, and surrogacy. These family-making projects are often classified as outliers, but they may simply be the most well-known instances of a quietly growing trend.
The case of the family in Arcadia has raised questions about the broader lack of regulation in the surrogacy industry, especially given this tide toward reproductive maximalism. Although commercial surrogacy is a multibillion-dollar business—and growing—regulations vary by state. One scholar, in a nod to Justice Louis Brandeis, has called the U.S. a “laboratory of surrogacy.” By commissioning children across the country while facing criminal and federal investigations, the Arcadia couple is putting the industry to an unprecedented test.
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