Earlier this year I found myself briskly walking across Helsinki to a gym where I met a small group of women in their late 60s or 70s. A physiotherapist was taking them through a workout. The walk, the workout and my earlier interview all had something in common.

I had just met a Finnish health researcher running an experiment to see whether a combination of lifestyle changes and a common diabetes drug could reduce the risk of dementia. This trial follows groundbreaking research that has shed light on the remarkable drop in the age-adjusted rate of dementia in recent years. Exercise, it turns out, seems to play an important role in keeping our brains healthy. So does getting a shingles vaccine.