Good morning. The downtown cores of major Canadian cities might feel more vibrant these days, but data show they are only just half as busy as they were before the pandemic. More on that plus, meet the “grandfluencers” and greedy investors. But first, today’s news:

Trade: U.S. President Donald Trump announces 35-per-cent tariffs on all Canadian goods starting Aug. 1

Analysis: Trump’s message to trade partners? Trim ties with China  

Real estate: Residential real estate developers cut jobs as downturn deepens

Management: Ex-MLSE chief executive Tim Leiweke pushes back on DOJ allegations he was involved in bid rigging as CEO of Oak View Group

• Today, Statistics Canada releases June jobs numbers. The Street is expect a decline of 3,000 jobs. We will also see building permits for May, which The Street is expecting to decline as well.
• In the U.S., the budget balance for June is coming

Hi, I’m Vanmala Subramaniam, The Globe’s Future of Work reporter.

I had spent much of 2022 covering return-to-office policies in Canadian cities. Communities had significantly emptied out at the height of the pandemic, and the drastic shift from full-time in-office work to hybrid work quickly became a norm in the white-collar world.

By all accounts, the return-to-office debate was over — most employers offered long-term flexibility and employees embraced it.

Recently however, a major employer bucked the trend. Royal Bank of Canada, which employs more than 90,000 people, summoned its staff back to the office four days a week, up from three. Then Bank of Nova Scotia and Bank of Montreal followed suit, both implementing the same policy.

The banks’ push to ramp up in-office days prompted me to revisit foot-traffic data. Downtown Toronto sure felt more vibrant to me this year, so I was curious to see if foot traffic had indeed increased.

To do this, The Globe worked with Environics Analytics, a marketing company and data provider to sieve out the relevant data points. Environics tracks cellphones of people entering and exiting office buildings in the major cities (stripped of personally identifying information) and is able to estimate the relative foot traffic of office workers. The data does not include all foot traffic − for example, residential and retail traffic.

In Toronto as of April, 2025, foot traffic in the downtown core was about 43 per cent less than it was in January, 2020. That number hovered at approximately 50 per cent for both Montreal and Vancouver.

Overall, the Environics data captured from five cities − Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary, Montreal and Ottawa − appeared to point toward a trend of a gradual increase in the number of office workers in cities since mid-2022, but plateauing growth in the past year.

The big question then is: Will the banks’ stricter in-office mandates spark a domino effect across other white-collar employers? And if so, will it increase the density and vibrancy of downtowns that have never fully recovered from the pandemic?

Karen Chapple, an expert in the urban planning field and director of the School of Cities at the University of Toronto, believes that recent return-to-office mandates will push cities to revitalize. Turning the downtown cores of cities away from office traffic is a long-term process, she says, so in a way it makes sense that they have only half recovered from the pandemic using the measure of foot traffic.

Prof. Chapple’s own foot-traffic tracker (measuring all foot traffic, not just office workers) showed that between February, 2024 and February, 2025, Toronto and Vancouver saw a 10 per-cent increase in foot traffic. Montreal saw a 15 per-cent increase. So perhaps downtowns are returning to their former vibrancy but due more to a boost in domestic tourism and less so from the presence of office workers.

In researching city recoveries after the height of the pandemic, I also explored the question of why employers might be pushing their workers to come back into the office more frequently.

One theory that I thought was particularly interesting was the change in the overall macroeconomic environment of hiring.

The pandemic was characterized by a labour shortage. Workers, both blue-collar and white-collar, had much more choice to switch jobs simply because there were more jobs available. The job vacancy rate has reduced sharply of late and unemployment numbers are ticking up.

All this to say: The balance of power is shifting back in favour of employers, perhaps prompting them to be able to demand more in-office presence, without the risk of losing talent.