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Hi – this is Gergely with the monthly, free issue of the Pragmatic Engineer Newsletter. In every issue, I cover challenges at Big Tech and startups through the lens of senior engineers and engineering leaders. If you’ve been forwarded this email, you can subscribe here.
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The Pragmatic Engineer 2025 Survey: What’s in your tech stack?
Which tools do software engineers use for backend development, frontend, infrastructure, AI tooling, and more, today? Reader survey, with feedback and analysis, based on 3,000+ responses
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During April and May, we asked readers of this newsletter about the tools you use in your stack, and your opinions of them. In today’s article, the results are in.
We received more than 3,000 responses to the survey, and after summarily purging the small number of duplicated, automated, and spam ones, there were a total of 2,997 from tech professionals and others. It is this first-hand, primary source information from across the tech industry that forms the basis of the findings in this article.
We’d like to say thanks to everyone who’s provided data; you’ve contributed to what is an exclusive – and hopefully also an enhanced – understanding of the state of tooling, today, based on the highest-ever number of responses to a Pragmatic Engineer survey.
This issue covers:
Demographics
AI tools
Most used, most-loved programming languages
Most hated (and loved) tools
IDEs and terminals
Version control and CI/CD
Cloud providers, IaaS and PaaS
Before we begin: last year, we ran a survey that focused on just AI tooling. Check out the results and analysis in AI tooling for software engineers in 2024: reality check.
The bottom of this article could be cut off in some email clients. Read the full article uninterrupted, online.
1. Demographics
Let’s begin this year’s survey analysis by stating what might be the resoundingly obvious: most people who filled in this tech stack survey are software engineers.
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Most respondents have been professionals for between 5 and 20 years, and there’s also plenty of seasoned practitioners who have been doing it longer than that, and a similar number of junior folks at the opposite end of the experience spectrum.
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There’s a roughly even split of people working at tiny, small, mid-sized, large, and huge companies:
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We asked you what the primary focus of your day-to-day work is, and unsurprisingly, it’s the backend more than anything else:
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