This article is part of our February Special Report on Philanthropy in Canada. To see all the articles so far, click here.

When a Canadian registered charity is established, it may be designated as a charitable organization, public foundation or private foundation, depending on its governance structure, funding sources and operations. There are now more than 7,100 private foundations in Canada, and they continue to grow faster than any other type of registered charity. Although the practical differences between charity designations have narrowed over the past two decades, misunderstandings relating to the operation of a private foundation and the rules that govern them are widespread.

Most compliance problems with private foundations arise from lack of knowledge or outdated information.

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Why nature is a serious longevity lab

When we want to understand what is possible in biology, there is no better “research program” than evolution. Across millions of years, nature has tested countless variations of the same core problem: how to keep a complex body functioning under constant stress, including pathogens, inflammation, injury, metabolic strain and the slow accumulation of molecular errors.

The remarkable part is not that animals differ. It is that they differ while using much of the same cellular toolkit that humans have, such as DNA repair, immune defences, energy metabolism, protein quality control, and tissue renewal. Evolution rarely invents from scratch. Instead, it tunes and recombines existing systems.

This article is brought to you by The Thalion Initiative.

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